Russellism And The Bible Student Movement

By Raymond Jackson


For most Christians, the first identity with a church is often associated with an organized religion. In most cases, Christians attend a number of different denominations over the course of a lifetime. What many do not realize, is that when it comes to Jehovah's Witnesses, the founder Charles Russell who created RUSSELLISM and THE BIBLE STUDENT MOVEMENT gave birth to the Jehovah' Witness denomination.

Charles Russell was born in Allegheny, Pennsylvania, the son of a shopkeeper and housewife. While the couple gave birth to five children, only two would survive to become adults. After which, Ms. Russell became very ill and passed away when Charles was only nine years of age.

Once relocated in Pittsburgh, the Russell family became members of the local Presbyterian church. Sometime later, Charles then left the Presbyterian church at age 13 to join the more open-minded Congregational church. In order to spread the news about Christianity, Charles could often be found writing scriptures on fence posts or using chalk to share the word of God as a method of converting agnostics and atheists to the Christian church and faith.

At the age of 16, the future pastor discussed religion with a friend. At the time, the friend actually persuaded Russell to believe that there were faults and holes in the faith. After which, Charles questioned the Christian faith. Then, after hearing an Adventist Minister by the name of Jonas Wendell speak, Charles went through a rebirth and renewal of faith. In the process, Russell also found the faith needed to believe the Bible to be the word of God.

Later Russell became involved in The Bible Student Movement. As a part of the movement, Russell was the first to publish a pamphlet known as Zion's Watch Tower, a publication now known as the Watch Tower. While Charles also published the Herald of Christ with co-founder William Henry Conley, that publication was never as popular as the first. Whereas, the Watch Tower still remains one of the most popular religious publications among Jehovah's Witnesses.

After having written a number of sermons, pamphlets, tracts and books, Pastor Russell published a six volume series called Millennial Dawn, a Biblical studies course. After which, the name of the study series was later changed to Studies in the Scriptures. Later, there was a seventh volume published and included in future printings of the series.

After Russell's passing, there was an organizational crisis based on Rutherford's leadership compared that of Charles. As a result, a number of students left the movement and established a number of individual churches. After which, those whom stayed changed the name from the Bible Study Movement to Jehovah's Witnesses, a change that was adopted and finalized in 1931.

Most excuses for leaving were with regards to difference in opinion with regards to organizational matters. While the movement lost a number of members, it was still quite successful, especially after having been adopted in 1931 with the name change to Jehovah's Witnesses. While there was a big split in the earlier organization, eventually many returned to become members of the Jehovah's Witnesses churches and congregations.




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